Live·Open questions in longevity research

Immune response

Efferocytosis

The engulfment and clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes

Hypotheses on this target 8

EfferocytosisInhibition. Hypotheses on this target 55Activation. Hypotheses on this target 22Function preservation. Hypotheses on this target 0Clearance restoration. Hypotheses on this target 11Immunosuppression. Hypotheses on this target 0Feedback restoration. Hypotheses on this target 0Rhythm restoration. Hypotheses on this target 0

Inhibition5

  • Delaying neutrophil uptake may preserve vesicle-mediated complement inhibition

    Where this hypothesis actsNeutrophil clearance during recovery under EP2 blockade, before protective vesicles have formed

    What is proposedSelectively delay neutrophil engulfment

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowSelectively alter engulfment of whole neutrophils while preserving vesicle formation and clearance; the specific intervention is not stated

    Possible resultPossible additional improvement in muscle, heart and lung recovery through sustained protective vesicle production

    2026-09-30

  • Enhanced engulfment removes still-functional protective cells and permits microbial rebound

    Where this hypothesis actsExcessive engulfment extending to recoverable, activated protective lymphocytes

    What is proposedSelectively prevent engulfment of recoverable protective lymphocytes

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowSelective protection must preserve corpse disposal and inflammatory withdrawal; the record specifies no selective intervention

    Possible resultPossible preservation of protective-cell surveillance and prevention of microbial rebound or viral reactivation

    2026-09-21

  • Neutrophil movement may shift damage between organs and mimic lasting recovery

    Where this hypothesis actsDuring EP2 suppression, while tracking neutrophils from their tissue of origin into blood and distant organs

    What is proposedBlock neutrophil engulfment

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowNot stated in the record

    Possible resultExpected persistence and redistribution of neutrophils without sustained functional benefit across three systems

    2026-09-30

  • Senescent fibroblasts may strengthen healed skin by briefly slowing dead-cell clearance

    Where this hypothesis actsMacrophages during skin healing, before and after neutrophil influx stops

    What is proposedTemporarily inhibit engulfment of dead cells until neutrophil influx stops

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowUse CD47-mediated contact inhibition; experimentally reproduce this inhibition briefly after immediate fibroblast removal

    Possible resultPossible recovery of later skin mechanics after immediate senescent fibroblast removal

    2026-09-26

  • Shared lipid synthesis in neutrophils and platelets may limit tissue damage

    Where this hypothesis actsNeutrophil engulfment during EP2 suppression

    What is proposedBlock neutrophil engulfment

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowNot stated in the record

    Possible resultExpected persistence of EP2 suppression benefits with increased lipoxin formation despite blocked engulfment

    2026-09-30

Activation2

  • Clearance of dying ovarian graft cells may prolong life by resolving damaging inflammation

    Where this hypothesis actsRecipient macrophages encountering apoptotic donor ovarian somatic cells

    What is proposedPromote engulfment of apoptotic donor cells by recipient macrophages

    With whatCell therapy

    HowProvide apoptotic ovarian somatic cells; test dependence using a recipient-phagocyte-specific efferocytosis perturbation

    Possible resultPossible sustained resolution of damaging inflammation and improved survival and function

    2026-10-03

  • Faster clearance of dying cells spreads live pathogens to new host cells

    Where this hypothesis actsAt graft interfaces under shifted sleep and feeding schedules, after viable infectious cargo has been eliminated

    What is proposedEnhance engulfment only after viable infectious cargo has been eliminated

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowTime enhanced resolution to the elimination of viable cargo rather than host-clock phase alone; no specific intervention is stated

    Possible resultPossible reduction in local inflammation and interface injury without increased pathogen transfer

    2026-09-20

Clearance restoration1

  • Slow processing of dead-cell remains may sustain skin inflammation and dermal growth

    Where this hypothesis actsSkin after barrier restoration, with dead cellular material still awaiting complete processing

    What is proposedAccelerate complete processing and clearance of residual dead cellular material

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowNot stated in the record

    Possible resultPossible reduction of recurrent epidermal inflammation and prolonged dermal growth, with stabilization of SPV_6

    2026-09-25