Live·Open questions in longevity research

Enzyme

Proteases

Enzymes that break down proteins

Hypotheses on this target 7

ProteasesInhibition. Hypotheses on this target 66Activation. Hypotheses on this target 0Lower level. Hypotheses on this target 11Higher level. Hypotheses on this target 0Replacement. Hypotheses on this target 0Protection from degradation. Hypotheses on this target 0Cofactor removal. Hypotheses on this target 0Synthesis suppression. Hypotheses on this target 0Function preservation. Hypotheses on this target 0
  • Inhibition6
  • Activation
  • Lower level1
  • Higher level
  • Replacement
  • Protection from degradation
  • Cofactor removal
  • Synthesis suppression
  • Function preservation

Inhibition6

  • Nerve-triggered mast cell proteases may be required for initial skin injury under heat and pressure

    Where this hypothesis actsExtracellular proteases released by mast cells in aged skin exposed to moderate heat and pressure

    What is proposedSelectively inhibit protease activity

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowSelective inhibition of proteases while preserving neuronal activity; no specific inhibitor is stated

    Possible resultPossible prevention of the first irreversible keratinocyte damage while preserving neuronal activity

    2026-09-26

  • Washing may weaken the skin barrier by activating enzymes that destroy lipid-processing enzymes

    Where this hypothesis actsSerine proteases in the stratum corneum after washing, while pH remains elevated

    What is proposedInhibit serine proteases immediately after washing

    With whatSmall molecule

    HowAdd a protease inhibitor before lipid-processing enzymes are cleaved; check that it does not alter friction, hydration or lipid organization

    Possible resultPossible prevention of enzyme loss and reduced tolerance to subsequent friction

    2026-09-25

  • Clearing residual bacteria redirects protein-cutting enzymes toward host tissue

    Where this hypothesis actsExtracellular neutrophil proteases during clearance of residual bacterial infection in older adults

    What is proposedReduce protease cleavage of host proteins

    With whatProtein or peptide as the agent

    HowNeutralize proteases or add purified, readily cleavable microbial substrate to compete with host proteins during pathogen suppression

    Possible resultPossible prevention of new tissue injury and stabilization of SPV_5 during pathogen clearance

    2026-09-21

  • Slow recovery of blood vessel tone may explain redness after the skin barrier has recovered

    Where this hypothesis actsSkin after scratching prevention, with residual redness and hypothesized recovery of barrier function

    What is proposedSelectively suppress microbial protease activity to test for additional functional benefit

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowNot stated in the record

    Possible resultExpected reduction in measured enzyme activity with no additional improvement in barrier function

    2026-09-26

  • Cyclic microbial competition may drive recurring skin damage through protease release

    Where this hypothesis actsProtease secreted by a skin-damaging strain within the competing microbial community

    What is proposedDisable the damaging strain's protease

    With whatMicrobial intervention

    HowReplace the damaging strain with a variant whose protease is switched off, preserving microbial competition

    Possible resultPossible elimination of skin damage while microbial competition persists

    2026-09-25

  • Parallel routes activating skin cells may sustain barrier damage after protease suppression

    Where this hypothesis actsMicrobial proteases after scratching has stopped, with microbial abundance unchanged

    What is proposedSuppress microbial protease activity while maintaining microbial abundance

    With whatNot stated in the record

    HowNot stated in the record

    Possible resultExpected persistence of barrier damage through independently active PSMα and TLR2 pathways

    2026-09-25

Lower level1

  • Sweat enzymes may weaken healing skin by cutting the protein links between surface cells

    Where this hypothesis actsSweat contacting recently healed skin under moist clothing

    What is proposedSuppress protease activity to prevent cleavage of corneodesmosomal proteins

    With whatRemoval from a body fluid

    HowSelectively remove the active protease fraction from sweat while preserving sweating and evaporative heat loss

    Possible resultPossible preservation of the mechanical damage threshold and stabilization of SPV_3

    2026-09-25