Enzyme
GLS1
An enzyme that uses glutamine and can compete with its use in the hexosamine pathway
Hypotheses on this target 5
Inhibition4
Activation
Lower level
Higher level
Replacement
Protection from degradation
Cofactor removal
Synthesis suppression
Function preservation
Inhibition4
Early-fasting mimetics may protect the heart by burning glutamine supplied by muscle
Where this hypothesis actsCardiomyocytes during delayed feeding under an early-fasting mimetic
What is proposedSelectively suppress GLS1 to test whether protection depends on glutamine oxidation
With whatControlled genetic model
HowInducible tissue-specific suppression; test alternative oxidizable fuel in an isolated heart while maintaining GLS1 blockade
Possible resultExpected ATP decline before injury and loss of protection, with possible rescue by alternative fuel
2026-10-06
Connected mitochondria may protect ageing heart cells when muscle glutamine supply falls
Where this hypothesis actsHeart function under low muscle-derived glutamine supply and experimentally varied mitochondrial connectivity
What is proposedReduce GLS1 activity to test dependence on mitochondrial network connectivity
With whatNot stated in the record
HowNot stated in the record
Possible resultExpected preservation of protection with greater network connectivity, but abrupt functional loss below its threshold
2026-10-06
Muscle glutamine may protect the heart by supplying nitrogen for protein glycosylation
Where this hypothesis actsDuring early-fasting mimetic treatment, with alternative fuel available and energy production preserved
What is proposedPartially suppress GLS1 while preserving energy production
With whatNot stated in the record
HowNot stated in the record
Possible resultPossible preservation or enhancement of protection with lower muscle costs
2026-10-06
Muscle glutamine may protect the heart by supporting glutathione-dependent lipid peroxide removal
Where this hypothesis actsHeart tissue under an early-fasting mimetic
What is proposedSuppress GLS1 to test the dependence of protection on glutamine metabolism
With whatNot stated in the record
HowNot stated in the record
Possible resultExpected rise in lipid peroxides before ATP falls
2026-10-06