Metabolite or ion
Blood carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide in the blood, whose level changes with breathing during sleep re-entry
Hypotheses on this target 1
Supplementation
Accelerated excretion
Composition restoration1
Composition restoration1
Awakening-induced carbon dioxide loss may sustain breathing and autonomic instability
What is proposedPrevent the post-awakening carbon-dioxide undershoot
With whatPhysical or surgical intervention
HowUse an individualized isocapnic gas clamp in a laboratory crossover, controlling oxygen, apparatus effects and initial awakening intensity
2026-10-03